Pet Wiki

Bolonka

Also called Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka, Bolonka Zwetna, Russian Colored Lapdog, Franzuskaya Bolonka (white variety)

Recognised breedShort profile

From Russia (Moscow and Saint Petersburg)1

At a glance the quick version

Weight, male3.5 to 5 kg1
Weight, female2 to 4 kg1
Height, male22 to 27 cm1
Height, female18 to 24 cm1
Sizetoy
sweet and affectionate
intelligent and eager to please
friendly to everyone
21

Coat and looks how to spot one

long, wavy to curly

A long coat falling in big waves or curls, low-shedding, with males often sporting a beard and moustache. The tail curls over so its tip touches the back.1

Coloursblackbrowngreyredwolf-greywhite (Franzuskaya)1

Personality what they are like

A cheerful, even-tempered lapdog that is bright, easy to get along with and loving toward everyone it meets. It likes to stay close to its favourite people and was bred to be a relaxed house companion.21

Daily activity how busy a day looks

A companion breed with moderate needs; gentle play and daily walks suit it, rough play does not.1

Grooming and care the hands-on bits

Brush daily to keep the long curls from matting.1

Home where they are happiest

Originally bred for apartment living and happy in small homes.2

Company who they like around

Very people-focused; enjoys being with its family and may guard its favourite humans.12

The story where it all began

Small bichon-type dogs reached Russian nobles as gifts from France in the 18th century. In the Soviet era, when imports were limited, breeders developed a local coloured lapdog from bichon, poodle, Shih Tzu, Pekingese and Bolognese stock, and the name Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka has been used since 1966.1

Fun facts for the dinner table

  1. 1

    'Tsvetnaya Bolonka' means 'coloured lapdog' in Russian.1

  2. 2

    The white variety is called Franzuskaya, a nod to the breed's French roots.1

  3. 3

    It is described as the rarest of the bichon-type breeds, yet is especially popular in Germany.1

Where the name comes from the story behind it

The breed's name, Bolonka, comes from the Russian word for 'lap dog' (bolonka), and the full name 'Russkaya Tsvetnaya Bolonka' translates to 'Russian Colored Lapdog.' The white variety is called 'Franzuskaya Bolonka,' meaning 'French lap dog.'1

Name ideas for your new friend

MishaSnegKisaPuffZoyaBublikRadaFluffkinYuriSonyaTolstikLaska

A day in the life told by a Bolonka

I woke up tucked against my human's side, my nose tucked under her chin. After breakfast, I pranced to the window to greet the postman with a happy bark. Then we settled on the sofa, I rearranged the cushions just so, then snoozed on her chest. At lunch, I supervised her sandwich-making from the rug. Later, we played gentle fetch with a soft toy; I let her win twice. Evening meant cuddles by the lamp, my head on her knee. I sighed, content. This is the life.

A made-up story, just for fun. Not advice of any kind.

Recognised by the official bits

AKC
Foundation Stock Service from 2015; reported fully recognised in 20261
Nordic Kennel Union
Accepted January 20131
VDH (Germany)
White Franzuskaya accepted as a Bolognese variation1
FCI
Not recognised1

The care rhythm a typical week and year

A typical home-care rhythm for a Bolonka. A starting point, not a vet's advice.

Treats they will love homemade and simple

Bolonka tip

Choose small, crunchy treats to help clean their crowded teeth, and use limited-ingredient or novel-protein treats to avoid common food allergies.

Source: akc.org

Simple Carrot Crunchies

Carrots are low in calories and high in fibre, making them a crunchy, satisfying treat that won't pile on the pounds.

You need

  • 1 large carrot, washed and peeled

How

  1. Cut the carrot into thin, bite-sized sticks or rounds.
  2. Steam or boil the carrot pieces for 5–7 minutes until just tender, or serve raw for extra crunch.
  3. Allow to cool completely before offering to your dog.

How much: Give 2–3 small pieces per day for a medium-sized dog, adjusting for your dog's size and daily calorie allowance.

Recipe from The Kennel Club

Pumpkin & Yoghurt Pup-Cup

Pumpkin is packed with fibre and vitamins, helping dogs feel full without extra calories, and low-fat yoghurt keeps it light.

You need

  • 1 cooking pumpkin
  • ½ cup lactose-free, low-fat yoghurt
  • ½ cup lactose-free, low-fat whipping cream
  • Cinnamon, to sprinkle

How

  1. Peel the pumpkin and remove all seeds.
  2. Cut the flesh into small pieces and steam for 15 minutes until soft.
  3. Mash the cooked pumpkin until smooth and let it cool completely.
  4. Mix 1 tablespoon of the mashed pumpkin with the yoghurt.
  5. Spoon the mixture into a small paper cup.
  6. Whip the cream until soft peaks form and spoon it on top of the yoghurt mixture.
  7. Sprinkle a tiny pinch of cinnamon over the cream.

How much: One pup-cup is plenty for a medium-sized dog as an occasional treat. Adjust portion size for smaller or larger dogs.

Recipe from Dogs Trust

Homemade Dog Biscuits (Chicken & Rice)

A simple, tasty treat made from gentle ingredients that are easy on sensitive stomachs, perfect for rewarding without upset.

You need

  • 1 egg
  • 170g boiled chicken breast
  • 100g cooked plain rice
  • 60ml chicken stock (homemade or no added salt)
  • 680g plain flour (adjust as needed for consistency)

How

  1. Preheat oven to 180°C and line a baking tray with baking paper.
  2. Blitz the boiled chicken, cooked rice, and chicken stock in a blender until smooth.
  3. Transfer to a bowl, add the egg and flour, and mix well.
  4. Dust a clean surface with flour, turn out the dough, and knead until no longer sticky.
  5. Roll dough to about 1cm thickness and cut into shapes with a cookie cutter.
  6. Place on the tray and bake for 25–30 minutes until golden.
  7. Cool completely before serving.

How much: 1–2 biscuits as an occasional treat for a medium-sized healthy dog. Adjust for your dog's size, age, and activity level.

Recipe from Blue Cross

Not veterinary advice. Check with your vet first if your pet has allergies, a health condition, is on a special diet or is pregnant. Treats should stay a small part of the daily food. Cut to a safe size and supervise. Terms of use

Owner questions the things everyone asks

How often should I feed my Bolonka, and at what times?

Feed your Bolonka at least two meals a day for an adult, and three to four smaller meals for a puppy. Consistent meal times help their digestion, and free feeding is not recommended for puppies.3

What should a Bolonka eat, and which foods are dangerous?

Feed a high-quality dog food appropriate for their age and size. Dangerous foods include chocolate, grapes, raisins, onions, garlic, xylitol, and macadamia nuts. Always check with your vet for specific dietary advice.4

How often should I bathe a Bolonka?

Furry Diary's starting plan suggests a bath every 56 days, but you can bathe more often if needed. Use a gentle dog shampoo and avoid over-bathing to keep their coat healthy.5 Pet Wiki plan

How often does a Bolonka need brushing?

Brush your Bolonka daily to prevent matting in their long, curly coat. Furry Diary's plan suggests brushing at least once a week, but daily is best for this breed.15 Pet Wiki plan

How do I trim a Bolonka's nails, and how often?

Trim nails every 21 days or sooner if you hear clicking on the floor. Cut a little at a time, stopping before the quick to avoid pain. If unsure, ask your vet or a groomer for guidance.5 Pet Wiki plan

How much exercise does a Bolonka need?

Your Bolonka needs moderate exercise, like gentle play and daily walks. They are a companion breed and do not enjoy rough play. Furry Diary suggests daily walks and playtime.1 Pet Wiki plan

How do I look after a Bolonka's teeth and ears?

Brush your Bolonka's teeth daily with dog-safe toothpaste, and check their floppy ears weekly for moisture. Clean ears gently without pushing anything inside. Furry Diary recommends daily brushing and weekly ear checks.5 Pet Wiki plan

How long does a Bolonka live?

The lifespan of a Bolonka varies, but they are generally a healthy breed. For specific longevity, ask your vet or breeder, as it depends on individual care and genetics.

Is a Bolonka good with children and other pets?

Yes, the Bolonka is a cheerful, even-tempered lapdog that is loving toward everyone it meets. They are bright and easy to get along with, making them good with children and other pets when properly socialized.21

Can a Bolonka be left alone?

Bolonkas are very people-focused and prefer to stay close to their family. They may not do well when left alone for long periods, so consider their need for companionship. Consult your vet or a good breeder for advice on alone time.12

Written from the sources on this page, a few checked guides (VCA, ASPCA, RSPCA) and Pet Wiki's own starting care plan. A friendly guide, not a vet's advice.

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Where this comes from

Every fact on this page has a numbered source. Spotted an error? [email protected].

  1. Wikipedia: Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka en.wikipedia.orgused for names, origin, history, recognition, size, coat, colours
  2. AKC: Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka akc.orgused for temperament, name meaning, apartment living
  3. VCA Animal Hospitals: Feeding times and frequency for your dog vcahospitals.comused for owner questions
  4. ASPCA: People foods to avoid feeding your pets aspca.orgused for owner questions
  5. ASPCA: Dog grooming tips aspca.orgused for owner questions

Checked 2026-09-30. Text is written in our own words from these sources.