Behind the tough face is a mellow, kind-hearted dog. Bulldogs are affectionate and deeply attached to their families, and they tend to be friendly with children, visitors and other pets. They are relaxed and fond of a good nap, with a goofy sense of humour, yet they still carry a quiet streak of determination. That same determination can show up as stubbornness in training, so patience and reward-based methods work best. They are too friendly to make serious guard dogs but will alert you to anything unusual.14237
how to spot oneBulldog coat and colours
short, fine and smooth
A low-slung, broad and thickset dog with a compact, fairly short body, strong muscular legs and hindquarters that sit a little higher than the shoulders. The head is large for the body, with a short face and loose skin that forms characteristic folds. The coat is short, close and fine, with a smooth, glossy feel. Bulldogs move with a relaxed, rolling, slightly sideways gait.173
Coloursbrindleredfawnwhitepied (white with patches of another colour)solid colours with white markings16
a typical week and yearThe care rhythm
A typical home-care rhythm for a Bulldog. A starting point, not a vet's advice.
Brushingevery week
Bathevery 8 weeks
Nail trimSooner if you hear clicking on the floorevery month
Ear checkevery 2 weeks
Teeth brushingDaily brushing is idealevery 2 days
Face foldsWipe and dry the skin foldsevery 2 days
Eye wipeGently wipe around the eyesevery day
ExerciseAbout 45 minutes a dayevery day
Heat care summerWalk in the cool morning and eveningevery day
Flea, tick and worm protectionSchedule as your vet recommendsas your vet recommends
Vet check-upSenior years usually start around age 8every year
what to watchBulldog health problems
The conditions the breed clubs and health schemes name for the Bulldog. Most animals of the breed never get them; this is what to ask a breeder or an insurer about.
Breathing problems (BOAS) The flat face narrows the airway, so many Bulldogs snore, tire quickly and struggle in heat; some need surgery to breathe more easily.RVC VetCompass 2022: 19 times the odds of BOAS compared with other dogs; UK KC lists breathing grading as good practice ↗
Skin fold dermatitis The facial and tail folds trap moisture and get sore or infected unless cleaned regularly.RVC VetCompass 2022: 38 times the odds compared with other dogs, the breed's most raised disorder ↗
Eye problems (cherry eye, dry eye, entropion) Shallow eye sockets and loose lids lead to a popped-out tear gland, dry sore eyes and inward-rolling eyelids, often needing minor surgery.RVC VetCompass 2022: cherry eye 27 times, dry eye 12 times, entropion 12 times the odds of other dogs ↗
Hip and elbow dysplasia Joints that do not form well, leading to stiffness and arthritis; hip and elbow scoring is recommended before breeding.no published rate on club pages; UK KC lists hip and elbow schemes as best practice ↗
Narrow windpipe (tracheal hypoplasia) Some Bulldogs are born with a windpipe that is too narrow, which adds to breathing trouble; a chest x-ray can check it.no published rate; x-ray check is on the Bulldog Club of America CHIC list ↗
Overall health burden Bulldogs see the vet for a health problem about twice as often as other dogs, so an insurance check before buying is sensible.RVC VetCompass 2022: about twice the odds of at least one disorder in a year, from 2,662 Bulldogs ↗
Tests a good breeder can show you
Respiratory Function Grading (BOAS) assessment UK Kennel Club good practice ↗
Eye exam (BVA/KC Eye Scheme or ACVO) UK Kennel Club good practice ↗
Patella evaluation Bulldog Club of America (CHIC) ↗
Tracheal hypoplasia x-ray Bulldog Club of America (CHIC) ↗
Hip and elbow evaluation (BVA/KC) and hyperuricosuria DNA test UK Kennel Club best practice ↗
From the breed club or a health scheme. Not veterinary advice: for your own animal, ask your vet.
per year, in your countryWhat a Bulldog costs
Running costs for a Bulldog, built from current prices in each country: food scaled to the weight of the breed, insurance to its size, the rest per country. The purchase price and unplanned vet bills come on top.
Estimates from the sources linked on each line. Food: a complete dry food at about 3,600 kcal/kg at the NRC maintenance energy for the average weight of the breed. Insurance: a typical adult policy scaled by size; real quotes depend on breed, age and cover.
by countryIs the Bulldog legal where you live?
1 of the 61 countries we check have a rule that names the Bulldog. Check the law before you travel or move, the details change.
Rules by country
Country
Rule
Source
Malta
BannedFrom 2024 it is illegal to breed, advertise or sell non-pedigree bully-type dogs of these breeds or crosses, or to keep ones born after the rules apply. Pedigree dogs from registered kennel club breeders are allowed, and existing chipped and registered dogs may be kept. Start date is given as 6 Dec 2024 by the legislation site and 13 Dec 2024 by the Commissioner, and the text says four months after publication, so confirm the exact date.
Laws change and local rules exist; this is a sourced overview, not legal advice.
how busy a day looksBulldog exercise needs
Moderate. Two fairly short, steady-paced walks a day, up to about an hour in total, plus some play suit most Bulldogs. Keep exercise to the cooler parts of the day in warm weather.423
the hands-on bitsBulldog grooming and care
The short coat needs a brush or rubber-mitt session from once a week to a few times a week, and the breed sheds regularly. Wipe the facial folds, the area around the eyes and around the tail with a damp cloth and dry them thoroughly as part of routine care.423
where they are happiestBulldog at home
Happy in a flat or a house, in town or country. A cool, comfortable indoor spot is important. Bulldogs are not natural swimmers, so supervise them around pools and open water.743
what goes in the bowlBulldog food and feeding
A complete, balanced dog food split into two meals a day, with fresh water always available. Keep an eye on body condition and adjust portions to keep the dog lean.2
who they like aroundBulldog with people and other pets
A true companion breed that bonds closely with its family and prefers to be near its people. It usually gets on well with children and other pets, helped by early socialisation.462
where it all beganBulldog history
The Bulldog takes its name from bull-baiting, a brutal spectator sport in England that has been traced back to the early 13th century, for which sturdy mastiff-type dogs were used. The FCI standard dates the breed as a distinct type to around the 1630s. When Parliament banned baiting in 1835, the old fighting dog lost its purpose and its numbers fell. Dog shows, which began in 1859, gave the breed a new future: fanciers started choosing dogs for looks and gentle temperament instead of ferocity, and the breed became shorter and more compact. A dog called King Dick, born around 1858, is counted among the founders of the modern line. In 1865 Samuel Wickens published the 'Philo-Kuon' standard, often cited as the first written breed standard for any dog. Bulldogs were entered in the Kennel Club's very first Stud Book in 1874, and the Bulldog Club was formed in London in March 1875, drawing up its own standard that year and becoming a legally incorporated club in 1894. In the US the breed was shown at Westminster by 1877, recognised by the AKC in 1886, and given its own club, the Bulldog Club of America, in 1890. Over time the Bulldog came to stand for British grit, and it was linked with Winston Churchill during the Second World War.89164
for the dinner tableFun facts
1
The Bulldog Club, founded in 1875 and incorporated in 1894, is described as the oldest single-breed dog club in the world. Its early members met at the Blue Post pub on Oxford Street in London.9
2
The 1865 'Philo-Kuon' standard for the Bulldog is often called the first written breed standard for any dog.9
3
Yale University's Handsome Dan, first adopted in 1889, is a famous college bulldog mascot. Nineteen dogs have held the title so far.10
4
Bulldogs are also the mascots of the University of Georgia (Uga) and the US Marine Corps (Chesty).6
5
In 2015 an English Bulldog called Otto set a Guinness World Record in Lima, Peru, by skateboarding through a tunnel formed by the legs of 30 people.11
6
The FCI standard describes the Bulldog as Britain's national dog and links it with 'John Bull', the traditional figure who stands for England.1
7
The first Bulldog Club, formed in 1864, took the motto 'hold fast'.8
8
Kippax Fearnought, a British-bred Bulldog, won Best in Show at Westminster in 1955.8
the story behind itWhere the name comes from
The breed's name comes from its historical use in the brutal sport of bull-baiting, where dogs were bred to grip and attack a tethered bull.7
stars of the breedFamous ones
Tillman Holds the Guinness World Record for fastest skateboarding dog.7
Uga The official live mascot of the University of Georgia Bulldogs football team.7
Chance Starred as one of the two main canine characters in the 1995 film 'Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco'.7
I woke up slowly, as I do, and rolled over for a good morning belly scratch. After a leisurely breakfast, I waddled to my favorite sunny spot by the window and dozed off. Later, my human took me for a short, slow walk, and I stopped to sniff every flower and say hello to the neighbor's cat (who ignored me). Back home, I guarded my humans while they worked, snoring softly. In the evening, I sat on the couch with them, watching TV, and gave gentle licks to show my love. A perfect day for a bulldog like me.
A made-up story, just for fun. Not advice of any kind.
the official bitsRecognised by
FCI
Standard No. 149, Group 2 (Pinscher and Schnauzer, Molossoid and Swiss Mountain and Cattledogs), Section 2.1 (Molossian type, Mastiff type); definitive acceptance 14 Mar 1955; current standard published 13 Oct 2010; country of origin Great Britain5
The Royal Kennel Club
Utility Group; included in the first Kennel Club Stud Book in 1874, the Club having been founded in 18734
AKC
Recognised 1886 (Non-Sporting Group); Bulldog Club of America first met in 1890 and adopted its standard in 18943
The Bulldog Club (Incorporated)
Parent breed club in the UK, founded March 1875 and incorporated 1894; described as the oldest single-breed dog club in the world9
Popularity Ranked 10th of AKC-registered breeds in 2025 (9th in 2024, 7th in 2023); listed in 2013 as the twelfth most frequently registered breed worldwide12
homemade and simpleTreats they will love
Bulldog tip
Bulldogs love to eat and can gain weight quickly, so keep treats to a minimum and never exceed 10% of daily calories. Because they are prone to food allergies and skin issues, choose single-ingredient or hypoallergenic treats and always ask your vet before introducing something new.
Not veterinary advice. Check with your vet first if your pet has allergies, a health condition, is on a special diet or is pregnant. Treats should stay a small part of the daily food. Cut to a safe size and supervise. Terms of use
the things everyone asksOwner questions
How often should I feed my Bulldog, and at what times?
Feed your Bulldog a complete, balanced dog food split into two meals a day, with fresh water always available. Keep an eye on body condition and adjust portions to keep the dog lean. For exact amounts, check the food label and ask your vet.213Pet Wiki plan
What should a Bulldog eat, and which foods are dangerous?
Feed a complete, balanced dog food split into two meals a day. Dangerous foods include chocolate, grapes, raisins, onions, garlic, xylitol, and macadamia nuts. Never give alcohol, caffeine, or raw meat and bones.214Pet Wiki plan
How often should I bathe a Bulldog?
Pet Wiki's starting plan suggests a bath about every 8 weeks, but you can bathe more often if your dog gets dirty or has skin issues. Use a gentle dog shampoo and always dry the skin folds thoroughly.15Pet Wiki plan
How often does a Bulldog need brushing?
Brush your Bulldog's short coat once to a few times a week with a brush or rubber mitt to manage shedding. Pet Wiki's plan suggests brushing weekly.423Pet Wiki plan
How do I trim a Bulldog's nails, and how often?
Trim nails about every 4 weeks, or sooner if you hear clicking on the floor. Cut a little at a time, stopping before the quick. If unsure, ask your vet or a groomer for guidance.15Pet Wiki plan
How much exercise does a Bulldog need?
Your Bulldog needs moderate exercise, about 45 minutes a day split into two short, steady walks plus some play. Keep walks to the cooler parts of the day in warm weather.423Pet Wiki plan
How do I look after a Bulldog's teeth and ears?
Brush teeth daily if possible, at least two to three times a week, using dog toothpaste. Check ears every two weeks and gently clean the outer ear; never push anything into the ear canal.15Pet Wiki plan
How long does a Bulldog live?
Bulldogs typically live 8 to 12 years. Senior years usually start around age 8, so schedule annual vet checks from that point.24Pet Wiki plan
Is a Bulldog good with children and other pets?
Yes, Bulldogs are usually friendly with children, visitors, and other pets, especially with early socialisation. They are affectionate and deeply attached to their families.462
Can a Bulldog be left alone?
Bulldogs are companion dogs that bond closely with their family and prefer to be near their people. They can be left alone for short periods, but it's best to gradually get them used to it and provide a comfortable, cool spot.462
Written from the sources on this page, a few checked guides (VCA, ASPCA, RSPCA) and Pet Wiki's own starting care plan. A friendly guide, not a vet's advice.
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